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Equity: Capitale netto, patrimonio netto.
In business, the owner's investment in the business; the amount owned by the owners; the owner's interest or value remaining after payment of all debts and charges. In a start-up business, the amount of money provided by the owner at the outset; often in conjunction with the amount borrowed as a loan. Normally, with greater owner's equity, the business is more stable. Same as net worth in a business. In banking, the difference between the amount received from the sale of assets and the claims against the assets. Also an estimate of this difference prior to sale. In investment, ownership interest possessed by common and preferred shareholders in a corporation-stock ownership as opposed to bonds and loans that are liabilities. In general, fairness. For example, law courts try to be equitable in their judgment when splitting up corporations or estates.

Exchange rate: Tasso di cambio.
The price at which the money of one country is converted into the money of another country.

Factoring: Factoring.
A method of obtaining cash through the sale of accounts receivable or transfer of title of accounts receivable. The amount of cash received is usually less than the value of the accounts receivable on the company books, allowing for payment to the factor. In this method of financing, the purchaser, often a factoring company, becomes the principal (not an agent) for collection of the amounts due. The receivables are sold without recourse, meaning if the receivables are not collectible, the factor cannot go back to the seller for reimbursement or file suit. In notification basic factoring, the seller's customers remit directly to the factor. In non-notification basic factoring, the seller handles the collections and remits the funds to the factor.

Federal Reserve System: Sistema della riserva federale.
Group of banks that regulate the U.S. money supply, sets rules designed to keep commercial and savings banks solvent and provides emergency loans to those banks. Overseen by a board appointed by U.S. presidents. The chairman of that board is very powerful, and his actions are closely watched by investors.

Finance:
(v) Finanziare. To obtain money, credit or capital for a business; also to supply money, credit or capital for a business: the money resources of a business; the managing of money.
(n) Finanza. Also, a field of study at a university concerning the science of money management, credit, cash flow and similar subjects.

Financial reports: Rapporto, relazione finanziaria.
Reports commonly required from applicants request for financial assistance, e.g.:
1. Balance sheet - a report of the status of a firm's assets, liabilities and owner's equity at a given time.
2. Income statement - a report of revenue and expense which shows the results of business operations or net income for a specified period of time.
3. Cash flow - a report which analyzes the actual or projected source and disposition of cash during a past or future accounting period.

Financial statement: Rendiconto finanziario.
A picture (in figures) of the financial standing of a person or business.

Float: Titoli in corso di compensazione, saldi non disponibili.
In banking, the time between the issuing of a check and payment of the check by the bank. In general, the farther away the paying bank is from the deposit bank, the longer it will take for the check to clear. During this period the writer collects interest or has access to the funds. In lending, to make a loan; to extend credit to a borrower.

Floor plan: Finanziamento su scorte.
A loan using merchandise that is on display as collateral, such as automobiles on the display room floor.

Gross income: Fatturato lordo.
The gross revenue or sales of a business over a period.

Gross profit: Profitto lordo.
Sales revenue minus the cost of making or buying the things that were sold (cost of goods sold). If a manufacturer sold 10 bikes for $300 a piece, and each bike cost him $250 to make, the company's gross profit is $500.

Gross sales: Fatturato lordo, vendite lorde.
Revenue from a company's total sales before deducting for returns and discounts.
Income from continuing operations - revenue minus expenses, including taxes. This doesn't include income from discontinued operations, like a closed arm of the corporation; extraordinary items or the financial effect of a change in accounting principles.

Guarantee: Garanzia.
A promise by another person (a guarantor) to pay the unpaid balance of a loan should the borrower fail to repay it.

Guarantor: Fideiussore, garante.
A person who makes a legally binding promise either to pay another person's debt or to perform another person's duty if that person defaults or fails to perform.

Historical cost: Costo storico.
Actual costs, as opposed to projected or forecasted costs; expenditures recorded in the books of account.

Income: Reddito.
An accounting term defining the money received by a business in a given period of time as a result of operating the business; the goods and services sold. Also called revenue sales. Sometimes used to mean profit or earnings as a shortened form of net income.

Insolvent: Insolvente.
A person or company having insufficient assets to meet debts and liabilities.

Interest: Interesse.
What a borrower pays for the privilege of using someone else's money for a given period of time.

Investment firm: Società di investimento.
Companies that help other companies raise capital through the sale of new stock and bonds.

Investor: Investitore, risparmiatore.
Any person who provides equity capital to a company; a person who invests; a person who buys shares of stock in a company in return for anticipated company profitability and payment of dividends to the investor.

Lease: Locazione.
A contract between the owner (lessor) and the tenant (lessee) stating the conditions under which the tenant may occupy or use the property.

(To) Lend: Prestare.
In business, the process whereby the owner of money allows use of the money by another person or business in exchange for payment of a fee, called interest.

Letters of credit: Lettere di credito.
A document issued by a bank guaranteeing payment of a customer's debt up to a set amount over a set period of time. Letters of credit are used extensively in international trade.

Leveraged buyout (LBO): Rilevazione con capitale di prestito.
The purchase of a company using borrowed money. Usually the buyer secures the loan with the assets of the company to be purchased.

Liabilities: Passività, passivo.
Anything owed by a person or company.

Line of credit: Linea di credito.
A moral commitment by a bank to make loans to a particular borrower (usually a company). The borrower is allowed to borrow at any time up to a specified limit. A line of credit is not a legal commitment, yet the maximum amount, the fee, the interest rate and time period are specified. As opposed to a contractual loan commitment. Also called bank line. Liquid an abundance of cash or cash equivalents; easily converted to cash or cash equivalents.

Liquid capital: Capitale liquido.
Assets in the form of money or those easily converted into money.

(To) Liquidate: Liquidare, realizzare.
To remove a debt by repaying it. To convert into cash. In a case such as bankruptcy, it may be necessary to sell material assets to obtain cash to pay the amount due.

Liquidity: Liquidità.
The possession of sufficient liquid assets to discharge current liabilities.

Loan: Prestito, mutuo.
Money owed to another person or business, such as a bank. In business, a transaction wherein the owner of a property allows another party to use the property. The user customarily promises to return the property after a specified period. Use can be free or conditional on payment of money or barter. See also debit. Loan agreement a document that states limitations and authorized actions as long as money is owed to (usually) a bank. A loan agreement may place restrictions on the owner's salary, dividends, amount of other debt, working capital limits, sales, the number of additional personnel or other factors.

Loan repayment: Estinzione di un prestito.
Total satisfaction of a debt; payment in full. In business, the property loaned is most often money. In a money loan, the borrower (user of the property) promises to repay the money to the lender (owner of the property) under specified conditions, i.e., for a specified period of time or at intervals over a period of time and with interest. The documentation of the promise is called a promissory note when the property is money.

Long term debt: Debito a lungo termine.
A liability due in a year or more, such as a mortgage, note or bond, as shown on a balance sheet. Interest and partial principal may be repaid in periodic payments, such as a mortgage. Or interest may be paid periodically over the term of the loan, as a bond, with the principal amount paid at maturity.

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