M.T. Ciaffaroni, Sailing Across - Zanichelli editore

MODULE A - Lexicon
Coping with Texts
 

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(To) Account: Rendere conto di; spiegare.
To give a satisfactory explanation for, to provide a satisfactory record especially of money received and paid out.

Agreement: Accordo; patto, convenzione.
An arrangement or promise of action such as made between people, groups, businesses or countries.

Analogue: Equivalente, analogico.
Something that is in some way similar to something else.

(To) Annotate: Annotare; commentare.
To add short notes to a text or book to explain certain parts.

Arrangement: Sistemazione, disposizione.
A plan made in preparation for something; something that has been settled or agreed on.

Background: Sfondo.
The scenery or space behind the main object or people in a view, a picture or a photography; the conditions that exists when something happens and explains it.

(To) Be aware: Essere consapevoli.
To have knowledge and understanding.

Behaviour: Comportamento.
Way of acting, but also acting in a socially acceptable and polite way.

Body: Corpo.
The main or largest part of something, for example a text, letter or paragraph.

Bold print: Grassetto.
Printing characters more marked in colour than plain ones.

(To) Boost: Aumentare, gonfiare.
To increase, raise; to help to advance or improve, encourage.

(To) Borrow: Prendere in prestito.
To take or receive something from another person, usually with that person permission, and with the understanding that it will be returned after a certain time.

Boundary: Confine, limite.
The dividing line, especially between two areas or land; the outer limit of anything.

Breadth: Ampiezza.
The distance from one side of something to the other; the fact of including many things or people; wide range.

Breakdown: Interruzione, collasso, esaurimento.
A sudden failure in operation or effectiveness; a division by types or into smaller groups, especially for the purpose of explanation.

Business card: Biglietto da visita.
Small cards carried by senior personnel to give to business contacts. They contain their name, position, business name and address and telephone number.

Caption: Didascalia.
Words printed below or above a picture, a newspaper article, etc., to say what it is about or give further information.

Chart: Diagramma, schema. Grafico.
A sheet of paper with information written or drawn in the form of a picture, graph, map, etc., usually with the intention of making it easy to understand.

Clue: Indizio.
Something such as an object or a piece of information that helps to find an answer to a question, difficulty or mystery.

Coherent: Coerente.
Especially said of speech, writing or argument, it means naturally or reasonably connected and therefore easy to understand; showing an orderly relationship between parts.

Cohesion: Coesione.
Close relationship, based on grammar or meaning between different parts of a sentence or between one sentence and another.

Commitment: Impegno.
A responsibility or promise to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action.

Compliant: Accondiscendente, arrendevole, compiacente.
Reading acting in accordance with a rule, orders or the wishes of others.

Compliment slip: Biglietto di accompagnamento.
Small slips of paper, with the company's name and address and the words 'with compliments' on them.

Concept map: Mappa concettuale.
Concept Mapping is a technique for noting information. It shows the 'shape' of the subject, the relative importance of information and ideas, and the way that information relates to other information. A complete Concept Map may have main topic lines radiating in all directions, with sub-topics and facts branching off from these.

Conjunction: Congiunzione.
A word such as “and”, “but”, “or” that connects parts of sentences, phrases or clauses.

Content matter: Contenuto, soggetto.
The subject matter, especially the ideas of a book, speech, etc. A subject itself as opposed to the form in which it is spoken or written about.

Contents: Contenuto, indice.
That which is contained in something; a list in a book saying what the book contains.

Context: Contesto.
Texts are never completely individual or original; they always relate to a social environment and to other texts. A way of thinking about context is to consider what is being spoken/written about (the 'field of action'); the relationship between who is speaking/writing and who is listening/reading (the 'tenor of the relationship'); the occasion/medium in which the language is being communicated (the 'mode of the language').

Contract: Contratto.
A legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties fixing the precise terms and details for a voluntary exchange of goods or services over which the contracting parties possess property rights. An agreement is a legally enforceable contract if and only if it is mutual, voluntary, it is not contrary to public policy; all parties are competent.

(To) Convey: Comunicare, trasmettere.
To make feelings, ideas, thoughts, etc. known.

Core: Il nocciolo della questione.
The most important or central part of anything.

(To) Counter: Opporsi, controbattere, contraddire.
Move or act in order to oppose or defend oneself against something.

Coverage: Copertura.
The amount of time and space given by television, a newspaper, etc. to a particular subject or event; the amount of protection given by an insurance; risk covered by an insurance. Cue: Suggerimento, imbeccata.
A word or phrase that gives a signal for something to be done or a standard to be copied.

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