M.T. Ciaffaroni, Sailing Across - Zanichelli editore

MODULE A - Lexicon
Coping with Texts
 

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Scanning: Lettura veloce di un testo.
Study a text in detail, reading slowly and carefully and looking for more specific information that he is interested in.

(To) Seek: Cercare.
To make a search for, try to find or get something.

(To) Sequence: Sistemare in sequenza, ordinare.
To arrange a group of things in an order especially following one another in time.

Sequential diagram: Schema sequenziale.
A way of arranging information using a chart or diagram that follows a specific order.

Shape: Forma.
The outer form of something by which it can be seen or felt to be different from something else.

Skimming: Scorrere un testo velocemente.
Read a text quickly without pausing to study the details.

Slowdown: Rallentamento.
A decrease of speed or activity.

Speed-read: Leggere velocemente.
To read quickly, needing less time than usual to through a piece of text.

(To) Spread: Spargere, diffondere, disseminare, propagare, trasmettere.
To open reach or stretch out so as to include a greater area; cause to be longer broader, wider etc.; to cover a large area or period of time.

SQ3R: It is a technique used to learn from a document by firstly understanding it, and building a mental framework into which facts can then be fitted. SQ3R stands for the stages in which information can be assimilated: survey, question, read, recall, review.

Statement: Estratto conto.
It is a copy of the customer's ledger account in the seller's ledger, usually covering a period of one month. It shows the opening balance at the start of the month, the invoices sent to the customer, and any cheques received.

Style: Stile.
The particular choice of words or manner of expression used by or typical of a writer or speaker.

Subheading: Sottotitolo.
Positioned below the heading or at the beginning of each paragraph it presents you with a brief summary, an introduction or an explanation.

Table: Tabella.
A way of arranging information in orderly rows across and down a page.

(To) Target: Porre come obiettivo, designare come traguardo.
To cause to have an effect on a particular intentionally limited group.

Tenor: Tenore.
Who's involved in a text. The relationship between who is speaking/writing and who is listening/reading (the 'tenor of the relationship').

Text: Testo.
A text is any completed act of communication such as a greeting between friends in the street, a television advertisement, a novel, or a film. Different types of texts have distinctive characteristics, depending on what they are made to do.

Text form: Forma testuale.
All texts have both formal and functional characteristics. By form we mean the shape or organisation of texts, and function means what the text is doing with that form. Texts have three basic formal arrangements: sequence, order, expand.

Text structure: Struttura testuale.
Most text start with a title and sometimes a subtitle. After that, the introduction and the body followed by a conclusion or summary.

Text type: Tipologia testuale.
It is a general category that refers to labels we apply to texts as products or things. Text types would therefore include particular products such as reports, expositions, stories, procedures, etc. Many text types are multi-generic, they use more than one genre.

(To) Think through: Riflettere, risolvere un problema.
To consider carefully and in detail especially so that all the possible results of an action are understood in advance; reach a decision about something after much careful thought.

Think-tank: Gruppo di ricerca, commissione di esperti.
A committee of people experienced in a particular subject, established by an organisation, government, etc. to develop ideas and advice on matter related to that subject.

Thread: Filo, trama.
A line of reasoning connecting the parts of an argument or story.

Tight: Serrato, conciso, stringato.
Well ordered or firmly controlled.

Title: Titolo.
It tells you what the text is about.

Topic sentence: Frase chiave.
The topic sentence (also called thesis or key sentence) contains the new aspect of the topic of the text.

Trade union: Sindacato dei lavoratori.
Trade union - an organisation of workers who do similar jobs. A trade union exists to take collective action on behalf of its members in negotiations with employers over wages, working conditions, etc. Trade unions are usually composed of skilled or semiskilled workers who have learned a craft.

(To) Underline: Sottolineare.
To draw a line under a word to show its importance or draw attention to it.

(To) Unfold: Spiegare.
To open from a folded position; to cause to become clear, more fully known, etc.

Usage: Uso.
A generally accepted way of using a language.

Watchword: Parola d'ordine, motto, slogan.
A word or phrase that expresses a principle or guide to action of a person or group.

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