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Jargon: Gergo.
Difficult or strange language which uses words known only to the members of a certain group.

Java: A platform-independent programming language developed by Sun Microsystems to support widespread software distribution, particularly over the Web. It is a slimmed down and more secure version of the C++ programming language. Java runs on Web servers and downloads small application programs called applets to Web browsers on an as needed basis. Because of strict built-in controls over software distribution the Java design protects against the delivery of incompatible software or viruses. Java is specifically built so that an application can be run on any kind of system.

JavaScript: A cross-platform, Web-based scripting language that will allow a lay person to author HTML pages that use Java applets, objects, and classes without having to know how to program in Java. It can also be used to build stand-alone applications that can run on either clients or servers.

Jeffersonian democracy: Democrazia jeffersoniana.
Refers to the principles held by President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), some of which, such as the belief in the inalienable rights of the individual and the hatred of despotism, can be found in the Declaration of Independence, of which he was the principal author. Jefferson's ideal was an agrarian society, made up of self-sufficient farmers, under the leadership of natural aristocrats by means of republican institutions. Jefferson disliked industrialization and the growth of big cities. He also preferred a weak federal government, with authority vested in state and local government, as a protection against government abuse of power.

Joint action: Azione comune.
This term, which refers to a legal instrument under Title V of the Treaty on European Union, means co-ordinated action by the Member States whereby resources of all are mobilised to attain specific objectives fixed by the Council on the base of general guidelines from the European Council.

Joint venture: Impresa in partecipazione, società mista.
A business association of two or more businesses or persons whereby they work together on a single project; similar to a general partnership, but limited in either scope or duration or both, such as in working on one project together. Investment in a plant, facility or project with another firm. Taxed as a partnership. In international trade, often a joint venture is mandated by national laws that prohibit majority ownership by a foreign firm.

(To) Jot down: Annotare in fretta, buttare giù appunti, scribacchiare.
Write quickly especially without preparation.

JPEG: A format for compressed graphic images, which produces much smaller files than GIF. The compression algorithm, however, will not reproduce the original image exactly. Various settings are available, to allow more compression at the cost of a greater loss of image quality.

Judgemental: Giudiziale.
Expressing an opinion or making a decision based on careful consideration of facts or principles.

Judiciary: Sistema giudiziario.
The branch of government, and the system of courts, that interprets the law.

Jurisdiction: Giurisdizione.
The right of a political or legal authority to exercise that authority over a territory, subject or person, as in the case came under the jurisdiction of the district court.

Justice and home affairs: Giustizia e affari interni.
Co-operation on justice and home affairs was institutionalised under the EU Treaty "third pillar". The aim of this co-operation was to give practical effect to the principle of the free movement of persons.

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